First John is constructed like a piece of music. It's author states a few simple themes - light, truth, love, life - then builds variations on them. Relying on simple words and a rhythmis style, John writes in universal terms that apply to any time period.
As you read John, note the pattern. He defines a word, such as light, discusses its opposite darkness, and then describes what a life in the light should look like. In every case, he shows God as the source of power in the Christian life.